The main risks arising from the WTO Agreement are the inequality and lack of competitiveness of most pharmaceutical goods, as well as the fact that Iraq is a net importer of medicines that are at the core of consumer needs, The subject matter of the Convention on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and its implications for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular, coinciding with the situation of financial and administrative corruption, all of which has resulted in drug fraud in the Iraqi market and its impact on public health. The control of medical technology, the persistence of the technological gap and its effects on high price levels, and the fact that domestic drug producers are obliged to obtain production licenses from global companies in the light of limited access to pharmaceutical research and development. The research aims at the impact of economic liberalization within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its negative effects on consumers by highlighting .
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Indonesian Journal of International Law
The research focuses on the intellectual property developments made by the member states of the GCC and how intellectual property development and subsequent deployment, can act as a catalyst for financial prosperity. The main purpose of the research is to analyse and examine the intellectual property provisions currently in existence within the states of the GCC. The aim is to provide recommendations to improve the current level of intellectual property protection at both a national level and at a state level in the GCC through an integrated intellectual property protection model. There have been three main stages in the development of intellectual property in the Gulf states; a pre Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) stage, the current level of TRIPS compliance and a push towards TRIPS Plus. To date, each individual Gulf state has developed its intellectual property laws at varying rates. Post 2000, the Gulf states all display a set of intellectual propert.
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Intellectual property rights are limited territorially because they exist and are exercised within the jurisdiction of the country or countries under whose laws they are granted. The extent of protection and enforcement of these rights varies a great deal around the world and as intellectual property is becoming more important in trade, this variation in the protection of intellectual property becomes a source of tension in international economic relations. The TRIPS Agreement tries to control the way these rights are protected around the world by bringing them under common international rules so much so that trade disputes over intellectual property rights are resolved under the WTO’s dispute settlement system. The wise decision to join the World Trade Organization currently underway in Sudan has made it necessary to focus some attention to this branch of law in Sudan at this point in time. This thesis attempts to find out whether or not Sudan law of intellectual property conforms .
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I. Ness, Z. Cope (eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism.
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Studia Universitatis Petru Maior. Oeconomica
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Faculty of Law School of Law
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Intellectual property plays an important role in society by protecting factors as human involvement that leads to the nation’s sustainable development and enhancing innovation and entrepreneurship being a key role in Research and Development (R&D) management and relating to innovation, economy, information and creativity. This report is a desk review of intellectual property laws and practices in some Arab countries. It explores the link between intellectual property, innovation, competitiveness, and the SDGs' progress and achievements. The report also proposes some practical solutions on the dilemma of implementing strong or weak intellectual property protection for either protecting innovators or ensuring openness. The proposed solutions are based on the experience of several public institutes, academia and non-profit organizations. https://www.unescwa.org/publications/intellectual-property-innovation-arab-region
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In July 2016 Afghanistan officially became the 164th permanent member of WTO. Afghanistan during its negotiation with WTO for becoming permanent member of WTO, committed to reform all the laws relevant to the trade for standardizing and compliance with WTOs standards in the next five years after joining to this organization ; in case of IPRs committed to Full implementation of the TRIPS Agreement will start no later than 1 January 2019. Articles 3, 4 and 5 of the TRIPS Agreement will apply from the date of accession. Any changes made in Afghanistan's laws, regulations and practice in the transitional period will not result in a lesser degree of consistency with the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement that existed on the date of accession. Afghanistan will seek technical assistance to ensure that its capacity to enforce its TRIPs-consistent legal regime, upon the expiration of the transition period. Patent law was one of the first laws that Afghanistan has reformed after joining to WTO on 10th may 2017. This research will investigate the TRIPs agreement related to patent vis-à-vis the Afghanistan’s law on patent.
Arguably one of the seminal challenges of the twenty-first century will be the role of public international law, particularly in its manifestation in what may be termed the global security system. The importance of this has been shown by the controversial 2003 American-led invasion of Iraq. While the initial concerns about the legality of that invasion have largely receded, questions about the relationship of international law, state sovereignty, and the global security system, upon which the invasion focused attention, remain. This paper will assess some of the possible implications for the global security system of the Iraq war, and possible post-war developments in the law of war. It will review the context of international law. It concludes with an evaluation of some of the lessons of the war for the international community. In essence it will ask what is the effect of the invasion on international law, and how might the global security system be revitalised.
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Graeme B. Dinwoodie
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Science and Engineering Ethics
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Louisiana Law Review
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Chicago Kent Law Review
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Journal of Global Faultlines
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Modern Law Review
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Oil, Gas & Energy Law Journal
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Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology
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ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law
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Global Intellectual Property Protection and New Constitutionalism
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Chicago Kent Law Review
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In Culture, Civilization and Human Society, UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee (eds.), in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO (Oxford, UK: EOLSS Publishers), pp. 1-33.
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